| Artxibo OCR | Bicycle and Intermodality,
Experiences in Germany
Jôrg Thiemann-Linden
Difu - German Institute of Urban Affairs
International Conference “Cities on Bikes”,
Madrid, on March 9-10,2015
German Institute of Urban Affairs
2
Diversity of „cycling cultures" in Europe
...but the users‘ needs are the same
German Institute of Urban Affairs
3
About
1
2
3
Trends in Cycling (e.g. Berlin)
Organisation of Cycling
Policy in Germany
Actual Challenges -
Future Chances (Pedelecs)
Some Actual Projects
Some lessons learned
Public Transport & Cycling -
Competitors or Dream Team?
ém
5
German Institute of Urban Affairs
♦
Some statistics first: modal split
entire Germany 1976 - 2008 (until 1990: Western Germany only)
walking
car,
pas-
senger
cycling
public
transport
\i '■ v tali. Bat
uril flulwlati I--.I i
Source: BMVBS 2010, MiD 2008
Changes in travel habits in Germany
(especially: the “young & urban")
5
Absolute number of trips, Germany nationwide (urban and rural)
IIS
I 10
IDS
100
95
90
117 / cycling
108 / walking
104 / public transport
100 / car (drivers)
95 / car (passengers)
Source: MiD 2008
Berlin: 3.4 Mio inhabitants, well evolved public transport
SUMP in 2011 for 2025/2040 (StEP Verkehr 2011)
ém
Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik
The young 18-24 years old in Berlin 2002-2008
Personen, Angaben in Prozent MiD
Berlin
2002
at
<N
i
00
2008
ra
IN
i
CO
This poster can
not be big enough
to say thank you for
cycling and
walking“
(Zero C02 campaign
„Turn brain on -
turn engine off1
dill
public
transport
Car driver
Car passenger
Cycling
walking
German Institute of Urban Affairs Source: SenStadtUm Berlin, Horn / Blümel 2013
Modal split of BerlirTs inhabitants 1998-2008
Walking 1998 25%
Verkehrsmittelwahl 1998
Car 1998: 38%
Walking 2008: 28%
Verkehrsmittelwahl 2008
zu Ful3:
25%
Fahrrad
10%
MIV: 38%
OPNV:
27%
Cycling 1998: 10%
zu FuB:
28%
Fahrrad:
13%
Cycling 2008: 13%
Car 2008: 32%
MIV: 32%
Public transport
stable 27%
OPNV:
27%
Wege der Berliner Wohnbevólkerung pro Tag
Daten: 1998 aus StEP 1.0; 2008 aus SrV
A car driver's paradise, very
few congestions, thanks to
other mobility options used
frequently by the Berliners
daily.
Verkehrsmittelwahl 2025
Ziele des StEP Verkehr
German Institute of Urban Affairs Source: SenStadtUm Berlin, Horn / Blümel 2013
9
Any threats for the good cycling dynamics?
■ Perceived safety - lacking trust of parents into public space
■ Need for maintenance and re-shaping streets and other
transport infrastructure - vs. austerity politics of public poverty
■ Increasing travel distances, concentration of facilities to go to
in space (“personal metropolis of activity islands, linked by fast
roads & motorization”),
ém
Source: Gertz 2010
German Institute of Urban Affairs
■
Nutrition pyramid for healthy life; Mobility pyramid for sustainability
Folte jnd SjSigniiWt
«arssTi
Flelsch, F.jch jndEier
Geire idcproduko
Ternas laglcfi
Obs: und Genu so
Ini P:rlt:rer ar 30
Getràrke
■ww ‘ 5 Lier agin
vorwiBçord !M r>3fal>asKT
Rege-ima iig^ kgrperline Aktivitát
ffind b s dre Ta ¡n '<V;< 19
20-3: Miiuten
Passive Mobilitat
5. Stock:
Weite Fernreisen >600/800 km
km
3/150 km
Passive
mobility
Active
mobility
r sssss
Pedelecs!
44 ¿bib
O Net/werk Slowmotioo München 2011 / GeslaRuna und Desian Inand Schorn Tutzma
Evang. Akademie Tutzing 2013
11
Definition: monomodal, multimodal, intermodal
Monomodal: more or less just one
mode use habit (car use, mostly) ^
Multimodal travel behaviour:
switching modes during the week
Special form of multimodality:
Intermodal travel: combining
different modes from origin
(housing) to destination (work)
Mo + OUliU
Mi
Do +
Source: TU Dresden, vip
German Institute of Urban Affairs
12
Walking to the railway station as intermodality:
Shared Space-projects at stations (DE / CH)
Locations: Baar, Wadenswil, HH-Bergedorf, Solingen
German Institute of Urban Affairs
13
O
E
Reasons for intermodality: quick access from f
.'û
home to the commuter railway, regional bus stopp !
u
U)
Fahrradfahrer
2,5 km
Pedelec
4 km Reichweite
Walking 1 km
=Bicycle >2,5 km
=Pedelec >4 km
14
New reasons for intermodality: Rising passenger
numbers in urban public transport (vs. public money)
» Cycling to moderate work load during peak hour?
German Institute of Urban Affairs
15
Multimodal use of means of transport in Germany
Cycle and PT, no car 7 %
AIL (MPT, PT, cycle) 5%
Foot and CP only 6 %
Cycle only, no car 5 %
PT only, no car 11 %
PT and MPT, no cycle 10 %
Cycle and MPT, no PT 16 %
MPT only (no PT or cycle) 39 %
•IÍÉI
Source: NRVP 2020, BMVBS
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Responsibilities in Germany’s Federal System
EU
National /
Regional Level:
The ..Lander"
Political objectives,
investment funding
Federal Level
Only pilot
projects,
national roads
financing,
' t
Local Level (Cities and Municipalities)
Responsible for urban transport: planning and implementation
c
CO
E
0
Source: Difu 2010
Institute of Urban Affairs
Cycling mentioned
in 9 out of 15 PT laws:
★ „Bicycle Parking and Park+Ride
at interchanges"
★ „Consider needs of women,
children, cyclists, handicapped"
☆ „An integrated, bike inclusive
transport system, for the
environment, public health goals
■ Cycling in
Public Transport
legislation
(ÔPNV-Gese tze)
For example obligation for Berlin city state:
„Consider bicycles, parked and taken with, in an adequate way“
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Adopted in 2012 by Federal Government:
National Cycling Plan 2020 (NRVP)
ia
ijj I ffdîrj Mr Mly
J pi Transpon. Builrr g
I Jrfcan Dmiopaent
National Cycling Plan 2020
Joring forces to evolve cycling
■ Cycling modal share expected to rise from
10% to 15% of all trips in year 2020
■ Also focus also on rural mobility, more
difficult to achieve the targets
» A joint drafting of the „corner stones“ with the
regions, associations, scientists. Moderated by
neutral Difu (municipality research institute)
450 suggestions collected from cycling advocates /
local officers during cycling policy conference in 2011
German Institute of Urban Affairs
National Cycling Plan 2020
Combination with other modes highlighted:
■ More bicycle parking at railway stations
and major bus stopps
(framework for the regions1 responsibility)
■ Additional research and technical
development on the challenge of increased
bicycle parking need, also to leave them safe
at home
■ Mobility management for the
workplaces (responsibility of
the employers)
E-mobility federal money also
to be used for electric bicycles
„Bicycle Academy" training programme for municipal staff
ém
Read more on the cycling knowledge portal www.nrvp.de
(>5000 files)
German Institute of Urban Affairs
20
Cycling as a system
Mileage allowance
jWgv
fEB¡
Inland
Revenue
-JQl
Jb
3 Jb
Cycle-Friendly Town
Infrastructure
%
ÛÙû
Retail trade
incentive scheme
23 Secure parking _
II 30 kph
¡X
^ Mobile repairs
n i n ■ n Town Hall
m lJU
1
Cycle-Friendly Town
ûâa A 13 Mobility Office
[Ml 5 ^ H9
o
f */ Packaging
1 ^ (¿fe Hire % «delivery service
L
) Hire
____13 Secure parking ^
/ HOTELX
KËJ
*
llkt
[XI Bike courier
*» Imí s<
Company bikes
maintenance
Travel allowance
■ Lockers
Cycle station
Petrol stations with
_ <¿fe service
I <3fe cleaning
ADFC
VCD
Construction
Maintenance
Clearance
*E5rr*
Sale - Hire - Loan - Service
DataCom
company bikes
Mñ BBñffft 1 S
m
Planerboro Sudstadt
Source: 1st German National Cycling Plan 2002-2012 #
aliis
20
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Law on Equal Rights for the Disabled (2002),
Law on Passenger Transport (2013)
Local Public Transport Plan / SUMP:
- Requires specific consultation of advocates from disabled persons’ groups
- Requires declaration to what extent service not barrier free until year 2022
Berlin 2006: ramps & lifts in
Metro/Rail network
(non barrier free: not shown)
.© '-5E-0 «t™
—.© “no o *
■—" O ® 1
® I UruTUrum O»»» Û
•ss ar— © ---y, „ _©-------—
©o o — ,5. ° °
Source: SenStadt, NVP 2006-2009 Material
dill
German Institute of Urban Affairs
H
Target „comprehensive barrier free“ in 2022
a great chance also for cyclists1 access
22
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Source: IVU 1997
23
Target „comprehensive barrier free" in 2022
» getting to the platform an obstacle for tourism still
Institute of Urban Affairs
24
Bicycle parking at bus-/tram-stopps
(still poor in Germany, examples from CH, NL, NO, AT)
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
mm ^m
I Collective parking at PT interchanges
■ (DE, FR,AT)
German Institute of Urban Affairs
26
New bicycle garages in Germany in Bamberg, Erfurt,
Hamburg-Bergedorf, Kiel (local bus operator's passenger center!)
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
H
Most beautifull - all service:
Malmo-Triangeln (2013)
German Institute of Urban Affairs
28
Prototype of Dutch commuter station
Alphen an den Rijn, NL, 30,000 inhabitants
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Utrecht, Netherlands (2014 - planning for more)
German Institute of Urban Affairs
30
Jntermodality
town"
Houten
near Utrecht
(50,000 inh.)
Cycling Garage
= station hall
for 3200 bicycles
Rotterdam, Netherlands (2014
German Institute of Urban Affairs
■
German Institute of Urban Affairs
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(M) Veiostation
■ RENT Kf-i*. 1 r.iKL 1
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(M) Veloboxen
City Bar Restaurant Take Away
Indian Ceylons Food
-•— Asian
A Take Away
schweizer
SSM sportmuseum
SJ Fotoautomaten
wc Toiletten
Provisorian during reshape of Zürich Main Station
German Institute of Urban Affairs
35
Main challenge of bicycle parking quantities
in dense housing areas A matter for car parking companies
•IÍÉI
to establish bicycle neighbourhoop parkings (exam
German Institute of Urban Affairs
36
I Capacity Restraints to take bicycles in trains/buses
■ 20 years tradition of free bike in all regional trains / busses in Sachsen-
Anhalt State, providing optimum mobility for young rural population!
■ Once 20,000 bicycles per day in Berlin commuter rail & metro, due to free
bicycles in season tickets; social pressure to use it less under difficult conditions
■ Very fragmented conditions and fares in the PT tariff integration regions
■ In the long run a „dead end“ in quantities for urban / agglo transport??
Flexibility all times when space available! Due to social control.
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Source: Difu
37
Capacity restraints to transport bicycles in PT
and Bike&Ride: » Bike Sharing systems!
Erholungsgebiei
OV-Fahrrad
Innenstadt
personal bike
at home
Personliches
Fahrrad
Offentliches
Stadtrad
public city bike
verle in netzwerk
E-Bike-Award 2014::
Bycyklen“ Copenhagen
Pedelec Sharing
(„A tablee computer
on two wheels")
„PT bicycle"
for last mile
to work
rental network
for leisure
erman Institute of Urban Affairs
38
A high proportion of electric bicycles expected
ém
Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik
Source: VSF2012
Almost 2 Mió. pedelecs now in Germany
Status of fleets in Germany pedelecs sold per year
in Mio
70
6O
SO
20
10
Gesamtbestand PKW und Fahrràder
(§fa
Fahrràder
69 Mio.
PKW
42,9 Mio.
Zulassung E-Autos
und Verkauf E-Bikes / Pedelecs 2011
VSF 2012
in 100.000 la
E-Autos
1.800
E-Bikes
300.000
dill
German Institute of Urban Affairs
40
Not only from pedelecs: trend in Germany's manuals:
on the road the rule, no more on the sidewalk (Hannover)
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Sources: Cycleln, Ziegler-Metallbau, ExtraEnrergy
41
Ideas for charging & anti-theft facilities in cities
Pedelecs' different needs compared to e-cars
(charging less theft more important)
Exception: tourist pedelec use needs
charging opportunities on the way.
■ Standardisation on the way to ... (2018??),
combining locking and charging
■ Can „e-lock“ technique possibly substitute
the Jocked box approach" in future??
1 L 0 i
Bosch - Laden
Panasonic - Laden
Panasonic - Laden
Panterra • Tausch
:’anton a - Tausch
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
42
Advantage: Diversity of
innovations by regions
1. Tradition of free taking bikes
into entire PT in the region
2. „100 bicycle stations":
parking/rental/service
3. Accompanied bicycles
tourist bus service
4. Standardized pedelec
chargeing network
5. Automatic bicycle parkings
6. E-cycle highway to station
7. Collective bicycle parking
garages in entire region MW
8. Village public pedelec a
feeder to bus route, inmod
9. Pedelec incentives: feeder to
express bus ST-mobil
10. Large scale mobility management EBikePendeln
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
43
Tourist bicycle buses
mainly in mountain regions with greenways,
e.g. Rhineland-Palatinat (Land Rheinland-Pfalz)
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Images: Zweckverband RheíñlancPPfalz Nord
44
„100 Radstationen
in NRW“
Programme of the Northrhine-
Westfalia State Government
after Dutch example
■ Guarded parking
Bicycle rental
■ Service / repair
■ One consulting / certificate
office for municipal projects)
Mostly social projects to bring
unemployed young people back
to contact with customers
DB German Railways:
DB Station & Service: „Bicycle Parking
no business case“; » Joint venture
(BEG) with NRW State Trasport Ministry
ém
,3o'br3» ih.
Liratuc
WuroioH
••
Srnirjchwalg
Ganrtgar
Aizhafttrtufç
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Pilote automatic bicycle
parking (Offenburg)
■ 120 places in redesigned
Smart-Car display tower
■ 12 access points
simultaneously
■ 0,33 mio. € expenditures
(mainly funded by BaWii
region)
■ Operation by municipal
technical road
administration
45
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Map: City of Gottingen broshure
■
„e-Cycle-Highway“
Gottingen: ca. 15,000 Employees and
25,000 Students in the corridor
(1st million users counted)
Funded from Federal E-Mobility money
due to charging station at Gottingen
Station and pedelec tested at companies
(www.eradschnellweg.de)
German Institute of Urban Affairs
47
inmod: Very Rural Pedelec Sharing Project
feeder system to bus service (each 2nd hour)
Experiment 2012-2015:
Cycling a part of the public
transport scheme in
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
» access to jobs for those
without an own car
» elderly „without familiy"
(demography problem area)
Funded by Federal research fund
on electric mobility
■■inmod
German Institute of Urban Affairs
48
Pedelec & express bus service for commuters
„STmobit project by regional bus operator
■ Inventives to rent a pedelec
for half year, later buy a
pedelec at reduced price from
regional bus operator
(support from region NRW)
■ Intensive advice at local office
Boxes at local bus stopps
with charging electricity
(rare use)
Effects: season bus tickets
trippled. Entire passenger
numbers +11%
ë
o
-«—<
o
MnhilitâtsPUI*!
ém
German Institute of Urban Affairs
49
Perspective: Interchanges for post-fossile
intermobility in rural areas
German Institute of Urban Affairs
50
www.switchh.de Hamburg - chipcard for all modes
public transport, bicycle community parking, flexible car-sharing...
I Q1 á Q «■ 4 Q1 á à) Q ñ 4 © â * S « I S' á * S â ^ S' « <&> S m
O & o «
of Urban Affairs
51
City of Offenburg planning intermodal „Mobilstationen“
» infrastructure subsidies from int. emission trade money!
Images: City of Offenburg
German Institute of Urban Affairs
Digital Revolution and intermodality:
e.g. Moovel platform (recent benchmark)
O Û https://www.moovel.eom/#/de./DE/search/thei
e q.-
p ☆ m * *
On smartphone
■ Multimodal
comparisons
■ Real-time PT
time table
■ Smartphone
ticketting
,1 just want home
from here now.“
Sankt-Apern-Strafie, Koln Nach Reisholzer Werftstrafîe, Düsseldorf Wann Di, 12:12 Uhr
Giinstig • • Schnell
Fahrrad
12:12
0 h 39 min 12:13
Gesamtpreis
ca. 8,99 €
8,11 €
©
■1 ©
8,41 €
Outlook: from transport Integrator towards a personal
mobility curator (Google and other global web platforms??)
German Institute of Urban Affairs Images: moovel
53
Some Lessons learned in Germany
■ People start cycling when they see others to cycle.
A movement coming out of society. Infrastructure and just space to
keep the potentials from fun of cycling during leisure trips.
■ Regional diversity an advantage to implement new ideas.
But what about adaptation in other regions?? Rule of Green &
Social Democrats parties to initiate new ideas, but Conservative
rule continues the former cycling policy.
■ Public Transport and cycling may become a dream team.
Mainly to enlarge the stopps coverage, also to reduce the morning
peak work load in local service. But un-equal seasons' circle
■ Pedelecs have high potential to substitute car based
commuting. It needs safe parking at origin and destination.
The charging infrastructure is less important.
mm
Future big bicycle parking quantities at railway stations will become
costly. Bike sharing systems a substitute for this in some areas?
German Institute of Urban Affairs
..Cycling Expertise" files on www.nrvp.de/en/cye
(print & download, newsletter in English)
Cycling Expertise
Combining cycling «id train usa Is adumageous fur
both cyclists and for public transport sorvlcc providers.
• Bicycles «a a mora flexible moans of reaching
and loari-ing the train station, preventing waits for
shuttle transport so and iront the station (com-
parad with buses or tramways tor exam pi o|.
• By nos having to drive a vehicle, com moors have
■ha comfort «id lima on logger train rodos for
work or reading
The mora environmental combination of bike and Main
offers door-to-door commuting timos comparable so the
mater vehicle. Local pcblic transpon service providers
benefit from I ha "Bike & Rida' combinaban by reach-
ing a wktor radius of users with any given stop, as com-
parad with euckasfro use by pedestrians.
In many public transpon networks, the 'Bika 4 Rida' is
also advantageous far service providers because cyclists
pay the same amount « users of shuttle transportation.
The combination is especially usehil during tha morn-
ing and ovanlng rush hour; much of tha transportation
so and tram train stations ts accomplished by cyclists,
alleviating pressura on shuttle services. Thus, fewer ad-
ditional staff and vehicles are noeded during these short
periods. However, train stations lace particular Infra-
structural challenges If a large proportion of train rld-
In other countries with large proportions crt bika and
train rtdon, experience has been collected over the pan
decades on how best So handle the large demand for bi-
cycle parking spaces at train stations, with various op-
erational models offering more efficient services. Most
experienced with regards to bicycle parking, the Neth-
erlands offers crump les of soSuilcnrs tor both large and
small train stations. Bicycle jurklng garages with a ca-
pacity of up to 5,000 spots have been newly bull or en-
larged at a number of central stations around the coun-
try (for crumple, in Groningen, Leiden, and Utrecht).
6 ,Wy (AwRlnHMdcn
Contents
-— II ki Í. Ride: advantages tor cyclists and
_______ lx lie public transport syileer 1
Iti* bicycle station concept - not lust a
building, but an organisational solution 7
Hie „ 100 bicycle stations in North Rhine-
■ Westphalia' project J
______; Other types of eew bicycle parking sys-
■■■ leers in Germany and Its iveígl (hours J
Conclusion 4___________________________
its
urban street devrgn
fftA)
MMtflAl i
' local ate «píame 1
Outfouk. Mm* MUrtraimv ai the audr*
= «Wr.lreeKpe.rf a
Cycling Expertise
Cycling Expertise tram Orrmjar A-410ÍO
Cvcline Expertise Crrmanr O-l TOIf -, '■
in Germany
Cnaaperivrer el
where do profit travel by Met J
ycling Facilities
lion of technical guidelines a
»f CSV lúudriree. In. I (eugn n(
» InK-synco and batane» al all nodes
unrevd till oid pfoined l(Spa.(i <d
ndiyiidan
errattee nf trtko.nl pndriinrs on
201* - ero Manual ee oycbltg ta
ng Plan
r%r
(Ml s\
M XI
-
Cycling
lycling
rg cut ce. ling peto has
mi re rep i ornes «d Are Ire* ai ty^rodc i^rwpc. «*•*
é
Thank you
for your attention
Jôrg Thiemann-Linden
Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik
Zimmerstrasse 13-15, 10969 Berlin, DE,
[email protected], 030 - 39001-264
From March 2015 on again
Sustainable Urban Mobility Consultant
Schirmerstrasse 42-44, 50823 Kóln/Cologne, DE
+49 177-590 2053, +49 221 - 168 42642
[email protected]
55
ém
All other photos in presentation: Thiemann-Linden
German Institute of Urban Affairs | |
